Incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of postoperative delirium following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for hip fractures: an analysis of 7859 patients from the ACS-NSQIP hip fracture procedure targeted database.

OBJECTIVE: Delirium is one of the most common acute psychiatric disturbances taking place in patients, particularly elderly, following hip fractures. Using a validated national surgical database, we sought to define the incidence, risk factors and clinical impact associated with the occurrence of delirium following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for hip fracture. METHODS: The 2016 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Hip Fracture Targeted Procedure file-was retrieved and merged with the ACS-NSQIP 2016 file. A total of 7859 patients were finally included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 2177 (27.7%) patients experienced an episode of delirium following the procedure. Adjusted analysis showed an increasing age ≥ 65 years (p < 0.001), partially dependent functional health status prior to surgery (p = 0.001), bleeding disorder (p = 0.012), preoperative dementia (p < 0.001), preoperative delirium (p < 0.001), being bed-ridden postoperatively (p < 0.001), no weight bearing as tolerated on first postoperative day (p < 0.001), an ASA grade > II (p < 0.001), non-emergency case (p = 0.010) and a prolonged length of stay > 3 days (p < 0.001). In addition, Black or African-American ethnicity had a lower odds of developing postoperative delirium (p = 0.020) as compared to Whites. Moreover, postoperative delirium was significantly associated with non-home discharge disposition (p < 0.001), higher odds of 30-day readmissions (p < 0.001) and 30-day mortality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study identifies several risk factors associated with the occurrence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing ORIF for hip fracture. Surgeons can utilize these data to risk stratify and consequently tailor an appropriate preoperative and postoperative care protocol to prevent the occurrence of delirium.

Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding major immobility complications among bedridden patients: A prospective multicentre study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To gain insight into nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding major immobility complications (pressure ulcers, pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis and urinary tract infections) and explore the correlation of nurses' knowledge and attitudes with the incidence of these complications. BACKGROUND: Immobility complications have adverse consequences, and effective management requires appropriate knowledge, attitudes and skills. Evidence about nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding immobility complications is lacking. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 3,903 nurses and 21,333 bedridden patients from 25 hospitals in China were surveyed. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding major immobility complications were assessed using researcher-developed questionnaires. The content validity, reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaires were validated through expert review and a pilot study. The incidence of major immobility complications among bedridden patients from selected wards was surveyed by trained investigators. Correlations between knowledge, attitudes and the incidence of major immobility complications were evaluated with multilevel regression models. RESULTS: Mean knowledge scores were 64.07% for pressure ulcers, 72.92% for deep vein thrombosis, 76.54% for pneumonia and 83.30% for urinary tract infections. Mean attitude scores for these complications were 86.25%, 84.31%, 85.00% and 84.53%, respectively. Knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher among nurses with older age, longer employment duration, higher education level, previous training experience and those working in tertiary hospitals or critical care units. Nurses' knowledge about pressure ulcers was negatively related to the incidence of pressure ulcers, and attitude towards pneumonia was negatively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Clinical nurses have relatively positive attitudes but inadequate knowledge regarding major immobility complications. Improved knowledge and attitudes regarding major immobility complications may contribute to reducing these complications. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing managers should implement measures to improve nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding major immobility complications to reduce the incidence of these complications in bedridden patients.

Local confinement and bedridden in the context of boundedness - The development of a conceptual definition based on an integrative review / Ortsfixierung und Bettlägerigkeit im Kontext von Gebundenheit (boundedness) - Die Entwicklung einer konzeptuellen Begriffsdefinition auf Grundlage einer integrativen Übersichtsarbeit

Background: Local confinement and bedridden are important phenomena in nursing care. Nevertheless, conceptual definitions and appropriate nursing diagnoses are missing in the current nursing classification systems. Aim: The aim is to provide the basis for a conceptual definition. To this end, the current state of the German and English usage of the terms local confinement and bedridden are presented. At the same time, definitions of English-language terms, which are internationally widely recognized, are elaborated. Additionally, phenomena associated with local confinement and bedridden are recorded and delimited of each other. Method: The identification of the German and English conceptual usage takes place through an integrative literature review covering the period from 1990 to 2016. Results: There are a variety of English-language terms of location confinement and bedridden. The concepts of homebound, wheelchairbound and bedridden form of local confinement and bedridden most extensively. Instability, immobility is connected as cause and inactivity as a consequence. In contrast to this is bedrest, which is ordered and temporally limited. Conclusions: Local confinement and bedridden are to be viewed through the definition of boundedness. The antecedents (instability, immobility) must be diagnosed to derive adequate interventions to avoid or alleviate the consequences.

Significados da deficiência adquirida na vida adulta: implicações do trauma raquimedular / Meanings of acquired disability in adulthood: implications of severe spinal cord injury / Significados de la deficiencia adquirida en la edad adulta: implicaciones del trauma raquimedular

Uma lesão medular traumática pode resultar em perdas importantes de diversas funções do organismo, caracterizando assim uma deficiência adquirida. Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se compreender as vivências de pacientes hospitalizados, recém-diagnosticados com um trauma raquimedular, desvelando os significados atribuídos a este acometimento e a consequente deficiência adquirida. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, descritivo, com ênfase nas singularidades dos casos. Participaram dois pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade de 35 e 40 anos, internados em um hospital público, referência em traumas, localizado na região norte do Brasil. Os resultados revelaram perdas significativas como a perda da autonomia e temores relacionados à discriminação e o abandono. Identificou-se que a deficiência adquirida na fase adulta explicita o desafio de ressignificar diferentes aspectos do ser e do viver, o que sinaliza a importância do desenvolvimento de pesquisas acerca da assistência integral a estes pacientes desde o momento do diagnóstico, favorecendo a vivência das perdas sofridas e adaptação à nova condição de vida.

A traumatic spinal cord injury can result in significant losses of various functions of the organism, thus characterizing an acquired disability. The objective of this research was to understand the experiences of hospitalized patients newly diagnosed with spinal cord trauma, revealing the meanings attributed to this affection and the consequent acquired disability. It is a qualitative research, exploratory, descriptive, with an emphasis on the singularities of the cases. Participated in the study two male patients, aged 35 and 40, admitted to a public hospital, reference in traumas located in the northern region of Brazil. The results revealed significant losses, such as loss of autonomy and fears related to discrimination and abandonment. It was identified that the acquired disability in adult phase explains the challenge of re-signifying different aspects of being and of living. This signals the importance of developing research on comprehensive care for these patients from the moment of diagnosis, favoring the experience of suffered losses and adaptation to the new life condition.

Una lesión medular traumática puede desencadenar pérdidas importantes en diversas funciones del organismo, caracterizando así una deficiencia adquirida. En esta recerca se busca comprender las vivencias de los pacientes hospitalizados, recién diagnosticados con trauma raquimedular, desvelando sus significados en este suceso y a la consecuente deficiencia adquirida. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio, descriptivo, con énfasis en las singularidades de los casos. Participaron dos pacientes del sexo masculino, con edades de 35 a 40 años, ingresados en un hospital público, referente en traumas, localizado en la región norte de Brasil. Los resultados revelan pérdidas significativas como la pérdida de la autonomía y miedos relacionados con la discriminación y el abandono. Se identificó que la deficiencia adquirida en la fase adulta explicita el desafío de resignificar los diferentes aspectos del ser y del vivir, lo que señaliza la importancia del desarrollo de investigaciones acerca de la asistencia integral a estos pacientes desde el momento del diagnóstico, favoreciendo la vivencia de las pérdidas sufridas y la adaptación a la nueva condición de vida.